TECHNIQUES
Tools and Systems
There is a portfolio of tools used to support effective application of the Methods and Principles.
Cause and Effect Diagram
The Cause and Effect Diagram with Addition of Cards (CEDAC) was developed to represent the relationship between some "effect " and all the possible 'causes" influencing it. The effect or problem is stated on the right side of the chart and the major influences of 'causes' are listed to the left.
Pareto Diagram
The Pareto Chart is a prioritising tool. It aims to separate the vital few categories from the significant many. The Pareto Chart graphically illustrates the 80/20 rule e.g. “80% of the problems come from 20% of the output“. In other words we can make the biggest impact on a problem if we can identify the few factors that are causing most of the problem.
Affinity Diagram
The Affinity Diagram gathers information and organises it into groupings based on the natural relationships (or affinity) between each item. It uses words that express issues, facts, predictions, ideas and opinions about unclear situations or items. The Affinity Diagram can be used as a technique to organise large amounts of information into an easily understandable diagram that gives clues about the overall nature of the topic.
Work Sampling
Work Sampling is an Industrial Engineering technique used to evaluate and quantify the ratio of work elements. Based on direct observation of operators in a workplace, activities are categorised and recorded over a period of time. Once a number of observations have been made, the % of main, auxiliary and idle activities can be calculated and shown on a pie chart.
Flow Process Chart
A Flow Process Chart is a tool that sets out the sequence of the flow of a product or a procedure by recording all events under review using the appropriate process chart symbols. For example: Person Type: A chart which records what the operator does, Material Type: A chart which records how material / documents are handled or treated, Equipment Type: A chart which records how the equipment is used.
Histogram
A Histogram takes measurement data and displays the distribution. It shows the number of times a reading occurs at a particular value or within a given interval. A Histogram reveals the normal amount of variation that a process has for the time interval the measurement is taken.
Mind Mapping
Mind mapping is a note-taking technique that encourages an individual or a team to record information in a highly visual form. Mind mapping builds on the brainstorm approach – and it encourages us to think laterally . A mind mapping session is engaging and stimulating. There are few rules – the aim being to get as much information down in the shortest possible time – to make the picture as complete as we can.
Jungian Type Theory
WDScott owns the rights to the Jungian Type Management Program, developed from the work of the MBTI in organisation development and change management. The MBTI and Jungian Type Program is used to support the work of change in an organisation in a very personal and often powerfully transformative way. Download a copy of the Jungian Type Management.
Force Field Analysis
Force Field Analysis is a technique developed by Kurt Lewin in 1969. Kurt believed that organisational behaviour is maintained by a dynamic balance of opposing forces. The Force Field Analysis tool shows two sets of forces - those supporting change (driving forces) and those opposing it (restraining forces). The tool helps us to identify what needs to be done if the change is to be made successfully.
Fact Finding Technique
The Fact Finding technique is used to perform quantitative analysis of a problem. Identifying a problem in visual terms is effective in speeding up the development of solutions. One of the best ways of doing this is to use visual methods such as fixed-point photography or video analysis. Video analysis is particularly effective to obtain an accurate understanding of the existing situation.
Pocket Matrix Technique
The purpose of the Pocket Matrix Technique is to identify current problems and create a bank of improvement ideas. It is a method for systematically gathering together and organising as many potential improvement topics and ideas as possible and putting them into your pocket!